Tech with Leens

Definition and Consequences: DNS spoofing involves manipulating DNS records to redirect users to fraudulent websites resembling legitimate ones. Attackers exploit this to steal sensitive information like login credentials or to install malware covertly. Such attacks can lead to identity theft, fraud, malware infections, and data breaches. How DNS Spoofing Works: Attackers can execute DNS spoofing in several ways: 1. Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attack: Intercepting communications between users and DNS servers to redirect them to malicious IP addresses. 2. DNS Server Compromise: Hacking into DNS servers to modify DNS records and direct traffic to malicious sites. 3. Exploiting DNS Cache Weaknesses: Manipulating DNS caching mechanisms to extend the lifespan of malicious DNS entries, increasing the attack's reach and duration. Methods of Prevention: To mitigate DNS spoofing: - DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC): Ensures DNS data authenticity through cryptographic signatures. - Use Trusted D...

What are the differences? HTTPS is an encrypted and verified version of HTTP. HTTPS uses TLS (SSL) to encrypt HTTP requests and responses, ensuring data security and integrity. In contrast, HTTP transmits data in plaintext, making it vulnerable to interception. What is HTTP? HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used for data transfer over networks, including the Internet. It facilitates communication between web browsers and servers through requests (initiated by users) and responses (sent by servers). HTTP Requests and Responses HTTP requests are generated when users interact with web content, while responses are server replies to these requests. Requests can be in the form of GET or POST methods, with the latter used for submitting sensitive data securely. HTTP Request Structure An HTTP request consists of plaintext lines following the HTTP protocol, including methods like GET, headers, and data. This plaintext nature poses security risks when sensitive information is tra...

SQL Injection (SQLi) is a critical web security vulnerability where attackers manipulate input to interfere with an application's database queries. This allows unauthorized access to sensitive data, alteration of database content, or even compromising the underlying server. Impact of a Successful SQL Injection Attack A successful SQLi attack can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information such as passwords, credit card details, and personal user data. It has been involved in numerous high-profile data breaches, resulting in reputational damage, regulatory fines, and long-term compromises of organizational systems. Detection of SQL Injection Vulnerabilities SQL Injection vulnerabilities can be manually detected by testing each entry point in the application: Use characters like ' to detect errors or anomalies. Test SQL-specific syntax to compare responses. Employ Boolean conditions (e.g., OR 1=1) to identify differences in application responses. Use payloads triggering...

SSH (Secure SHell) Developed by SSH Communications Security Ltd., SSH is now the primary protocol for accessing network devices and servers over the internet. It allows users to log into remote computers, execute commands, and transfer files securely. SSH provides strong authentication and secure communication over insecure channels, using encryption to ensure data confidentiality. SSH runs on port 22 by default but can be changed, protecting against attacks like IP spoofing and DNS spoofing. It uses public key authentication, which is highly secure. Supported by major operating systems such as Unix, Solaris, Red-Hat Linux, CentOS, and Ubuntu. Offers secure login sessions, encrypted data transfer, and secure file movements. Common clients include built-in terminal for Mac OS X & Linux, PuTTY for Windows, JuiceSSH for Android, and Prompt for iOS. Telnet An older protocol launched alongside the internet in 1969, Telnet allows remote system communication and was crucial in early netwo...

  Password attacks , prevalent in both corporate and personal data breaches, occur when hackers attempt to steal user passwords. In 2020, compromised credentials were the cause of 81% of data breaches. Despite limited combinations of letters and numbers, poorly designed passwords make password attacks a persistent threat. Types of Password Attacks and Prevention: 1.Phishing: Description: Hackers pose as trustworthy entities, often via fraudulent emails, to trick users into revealing passwords or installing malicious code. Prevention: Verify email senders, double-check with the source, and consult your IT team. 2.Man-in-the-Middle Attack (MitM): Description: A hacker intercepts communication between two parties to steal information like passwords. Prevention: Use encrypted routers, strong credentials, two-factor authentication, and VPNs. 3.Brute Force Attack: Description: Hackers use automated scripts to try all possible password combinations. Prevention: Use complex passwords, remo...

 Definition and Function: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of files from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. It was originally developed to facilitate communication and information exchange between two physical devices. Nowadays, FTP is commonly used for cloud storage, which provides a secure, remote location for files. It enables businesses and individuals to transfer files between computer systems or allows websites to upload or download files from their servers. Usage and Benefits: FTP is a crucial tool for downloading, uploading, and transferring files over the internet. It supports both internet and cloud-based transfers, ensuring flexibility and accessibility. Some key benefits include: Website Management: FTP is essential for web developers and administrators who need to manage files on their servers. Free FTP Clients: Many FTP clients are available for free download, such as FileZilla, FTP Voya...